Toll-like receptor (TLR-7/9), MYOD88, TIR8, dependent and independent autoantigens

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 polymorphisms and COPD.

Is there an association between impaired pulmonary function and mortality in never smokers? I read with great interest the article by Mannino et al 1 on the association between impaired pulmonary function and mortality, and wish to comment on two statements in the paper. Firstly, the authors report that ''an interesting finding in (their) analysis was that, in never smokers, moderate or severe ...

-Independent Pathways Toll-Like Receptor 5-Dependent and Secretion by Toll-Like Receptor 2- and Induces Interleukin-8 Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori induces interleukin-8 secretion by Toll-like receptor 2- and Toll-like receptor 5-dependent and -independent pathways.

Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen that causes gastritis and is strongly associated with gastric ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In response to H. pylori, interleukin-8 (IL-8) is secreted from host cells to attract components of the innate and adaptive immune systems to the site of infection. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR5 ...

Increased Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) Activation and TLR Ligands in Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

OBJECTIVE Individuals with type 2 diabetes have a myriad of metabolic aberrations including increased inflammation, increasing their cardiovascular risk. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their ligands play a key role in insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. However, there is a paucity of data examining the expression and activity of TLRs in type 2 diabetes. Thus, in the present study, we examin...

A protein associated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (PRAT4A) is required for TLR-dependent immune responses

Immune cells express multiple Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are concomitantly activated by a variety of pathogen products. Although there is presumably a need to coordinate the expression and function of TLRs in individual cells, little is known about the mechanisms governing this process. We show that a protein associated with TLR4 (PRAT4A) is required for multiple TLR responses. PRAT4A resi...